A roadmap to learn any programming language

Think why you want to use a specific language. Each language has it's own purpose and usage. For example if I want to automate some process in my computer I would go for shell. So knowing & understanding a language's purpose would solve a lot of issues even before you start typing your code.

After you choose you language, Don't jump into using dedicated IDEs and Frameworks. Yes I mean it.

Learn from basics and type things out in a text file and run your code manually.

So where do you start from? All programming languages pretty much has same set of concepts, only logics & syntax differs. step wise do this

1. Sequential programming.
2. Object Oriented. (OOP)
3. Dive deeper.

Sequential programming

• Know if a language is statically typed or inferred. Based on this your errors & debugging would change a bit.
• Datatypes and their limits.
• Constants & literals.
• Operators.
• Keywords.
• Statements.
• Strings.
• Arrays.
• Control flow.
  • Conditionals.
  • Loops.
• Functions - declarations & definitions
• Memory basics. how things are stored, retrieved and passed(pass by value / reference).
• Pointers (if c/c++)

Object oriented Programming

• Why Object Oriented is necessary. What does it hold?
• Classes & objects.
• Access modifiers.
• Constructors / destructors. (some language might not have these)
• Static, global & local variables difference & importance of existence.
• Lambdas.
• Concepts & syntax
  • Abstraction.
  • Inheritance.
  • Polymorphism.
  • Overloading (for c++).

Dive deeper

• Regex.
• Basics of data structures & their existence.
• Stack.
• List.
• Dictionaries / Map.
• Set.
• Weak map / set.
• Time & space complexities.
• Memory & garbage collection in deep.
• In-built Libraries. Some are os layer libraries, input output libraries, etc..

Other topics you might want to explore

• Other Data structures & Algorithms.
• Design patterns.
• Aspect oriented programming.